OSPF配置实验
拓扑图
实验步骤
1.搭建实训环境并完成基本配置
包括接口ip地址以及回环接口的地址:
[RTA]int loopback 0 #进入回环接口
[RTA-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
2.检查网络连通性和路由器路由表
在PC1上ping PC2 (IP 地址为 192.168.3.1),结果是无法互通,导致这种结果的原因是RTA 上只有直连路由,没有到达PC2的路由表,故从PC1 上来的数据报文无法转发给PC2。
PC>ping 192.168.3.1
Ping 192.168.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
Request timeout!
--- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
0 packet(s) received
100.00% packet loss
[RTA]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.254 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.2.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.2.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
3.配置OSPF
在 RTA 上完成 OSPF 如下配置:
[RTA]router id 1.1.1.1
[RTA]ospf 1
如上配置中,数字 1 的含义是 OSPF进程号,缺省情况下取值为 1;router id 是将回环地址(loopback)的地址作为Router-ID(路由器的唯一标识),作为该路由器的唯一标识。
[RTA-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0 #将该路由器放进区域0
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 #宣告回环接口(loopback)网段
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 #宣告接口网段
[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 #宣告接口网段
在OSPF区域内指定网段接口上启动OSPF时,是否必须包含Router ID的地址?为什么配置是往往会将Router ID的地址包含在内?
不需要。OSPF区域指定网段接口上启动OSPF时,配置Router ID地址其实是发布路由器的loopback接口地址
在 RTB 上完成 OSPF 如下配置:
[RTB]router id 2.2.2.2
[RTB]ospf 1
[RTB-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0 #将该路由器放进区域0
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 #宣告回环接口(loopback)网段
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 #宣告接口网段
[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 #宣告接口网段
4.检查路由器 OSPF 邻居状态及路由表
使用display ospf peer brief(查看ospf邻居的摘要信息)命令查看OSPF邻居表
[RTA]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2.2.2.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[RTB]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 1.1.1.1 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
可以看到在RTA和RTB的OSPF邻居表上均发现了对应路由器的route-ID
使用display ospf lsdb命令查看路由器之间的链路状态数据库信息,由内容就代表着已经建立了邻接关系
[RTA]dis ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 367 48 80000004 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 358 60 80000008 1
Network 192.168.2.1 1.1.1.1 358 32 80000002 0
[RTB]dis ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 404 48 80000004 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 397 60 80000008 1
Network 192.168.2.1 1.1.1.1 397 32 80000002 0
使用 display ip routing-table protocol ospf命令,查看OSPF路由表。可以看到在RTA上已经发现了一条去往3.0网段的路由信息,他的下一条是192.168.2.2,出接口是g0/0/1
[RTA]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 192.168.2.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
4.PC1去Ping PC2,检验设备的连通性
PC>ping 192.168.3.1
Ping 192.168.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=31 ms
From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=16 ms
From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=16 ms
From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=15 ms
--- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
20.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/19/31 ms